Management of Knowledge Sources Supported by Domain Ontologies: Building and Construction Case Studys

This paper introduces a novel conceptual framework to support the creation of knowledge representations based on enriched semantic vectors, using the classical vector space model approach extended with ontological support. This work is focused on collaborative engineering projects where knowledge plays a key role in the process. Collaboration is the arena, engineering projects are the target and knowledge is the currency used to provide harmony into the arena since it can potentially support innovation and, hence, a successful collaboration. The test bed for the assessment of the approach comes from the Building and Construction sector, which is challenged with significant problems for exchanging, sharing and integrating information among actors. Semantic gaps or lack of meaning definition at the conceptual and technical levels, for example, are problems fundamentally originated through the employment of representations to map the ‘world’ into models in an endeavour to anticipate other actors’ views, vocabulary and even motivations. One of the primary research challenges addressed in this work relates to the process of formalization and representation of document contents, where most existing approaches are limited and only take into account the explicit, word-based information in the document. The research described in this paper explores how traditional knowledge representations can be enriched through incorporation of implicit information derived from the complex relationships (semantic associations) modelled by domain ontologies with the addition of information presented in documents, by providing a baseline for facilitating knowledge interpretation and sharing between humans and machines. Preliminary results were collected using a clustering algorithm for document classification, which indicates that the proposed approach does improve the precision and recall of classifications. Future work and open issues are also discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农产品供应链利益分配研究综述

首先，分析了国内外对于农产品供应链研究的现状。国外学者侧重研究农产品供应链模式构建、农产品供应链系统整合、农产品供应链协调优化，国内研究重点放在其形成机理、演化进程、结构模式等相关理论方面。其次，从收益共享契约、合作和非合作博弈论、量化影响因素等角度阐述了国内外学者在供应链利益的分配机制上的研究现状。最后，对供应链利益分配目前研究所存在的不足和今后的发展方向进行了分析。     

打裂压稳技术在旧路改建工程中的应用分析

打裂压稳技术因具有施工速度快、防治反射裂缝效果好等特点,在旧水泥混凝土路面改造中受到了广泛的应用,本文结合工程实际,对打裂压稳技术分别从原理、施工工艺,质量措施、安全措施及效果分析等方面进行了阐述。     

An exploration of the factors influencing social media continuance usage and information sharing intentions among Korean travellers

The tourism and hospitality industry is largely influenced by the use of social media. However, there is still a need for more empirical research about the factors social media continuance usage and information sharing intentions among travel-related social media (TSM) users. With this realization, underpinned by elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and uses and gratifications theory (UGT), our study investigates the interrelationships of argument quality, source credibility, and information seeking, entertainment, and relationship maintenance motives, and social media continuance usage and information sharing intentions. Data gathered from TSM users in Korea were used to gauge the relationships through structural equation modeling. Argument quality leads to an increased activity in information seeking and entertainment motives, while source credibility positively influences information seeking, entertainment, and relationship maintenance motives. Information seeking, entertainment, and relationship maintenance motives trigger travelers' propensity to display higher social media continuance usage and information sharing intentions.     

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ISOELASTIC UTILITY ECONOMIES

This paper studies the class of single‐good Arrow–Debreu economies in which all agents have isoelastic utility functions and homogeneous beliefs, but have possibly different cautiousness parameters and endowments. For each economy in this class, the equilibrium stochastic discount factor is an exponential function of the inverse mapping of a completely monotone function, evaluated at the aggregate consumption. This fact allows for general properties of the class to be studied analytically in terms of known properties of completely monotone functions. For example, conditions are presented under which the agents’ cautiousness parameters and a distribution of initial wealth can be recovered from an equilibrium stochastic discount factor, even if nothing is known about the agents’ endowments. This is a multiagent inverse problem since information about economic primitives is extracted from equilibrium prices. Several example economies are used to illustrate the results.     

The crowding-out effect of formal insurance on informal risk sharing: An experimental study

This paper investigates the crowding-out effect of formal insurance on informal risk-sharing arrangements via theory and laboratory experiment. Our model and simulation predict that the crowding out of private transfers is often more than one-for-one and will reduce the total risk coverage. Furthermore, the existence of a moderate degree of altruism exaggerates the crowding-out effect, especially when there is an ex-ante income inequality. These predictions are mostly supported by the laboratory experiment, except that the crowding-out effect is not more than one-for-one, and hence the total risk coverage is not significantly reduced by formal insurance.     

The value of information sharing for truckload shippers

This study explores the potential value to shippers of sharing load offers with carriers and obtaining carriers’ responses in advance of the scheduled pickup date. Using a private transactional dataset from a large national shipper, we find that truckload spot prices increase considerably as the lead time before pickup decreases. As an extension of this empirical analysis, we develop a method to estimate near-real-time market prices, which does not currently exist in the truckload industry. A key insight is that market prices persist through time, meaning that current prices are good predictors of future prices.     

Managing information sharing and stewardship for public-sector collaboration: a management control approach

Information sharing is essential for public-sector collaboration but needs to be balanced with information stewardship obligations. There is little research on how public-sector managers can influence the attitudes and behaviours of their employees to achieve these competing objectives. To investigate this, the study applies a management control framework to a case study of a law enforcement organization attempting to improve its information sharing and stewardship. The study extends prior literature by providing insights into the specific effects that different management controls have for the information sharing and stewardship behaviours of employees involved in public-sector collaboration.     

Evaluating international consumption risk sharing gains: An asset return view

International consumption risk sharing studies often generate counterfactual implications for asset return behavior with potentially misleading results. We address this contradiction using data moments of consumption and asset returns to fit a canonical international consumption risk sharing framework. Introducing persistent consumption risk, we find that its correlation across countries is more important for risk sharing than that of transitory risk. To identify these risk components, we jointly exploit the comovement of equity returns and consumption. This identification implies high correlations in persistent consumption risk, suggesting a strong degree of existing risk sharing despite low consumption correlations in the data.     

Where no cars go: Free-floating carshare and inequality of access

Carsharing programs have demonstrated a potential to significantly shift incentives with regard to private vehicle ownership. The advent of free-floating vehicle fleets has enabled providers to offer ubiquitous vehicle access in designated urban areas. The ability of users to choose where to drop off vehicles presents the possibility that the density of available vehicles in particular areas will be insufficient to supply a reasonable level of service to local residents. The current paper will use exclusive data on vehicle location from a free-floating carshare service that operates in ten U.S. cities. Analysis will relate the availability of vehicles to census tract demographics. Results show vehicles cluster in tracts that are disproportionately populated by residents who are educated, young, employed, and white. Carshare systems have received significant in-kind incentives from government to operate. The mobility benefits of free-floating carshare systems appear to accrue disproportionately to advantaged populations.